integrated management study (chemical and mechanical) of swallow-wort (cynanchum acutum) in qazvin province

swallow wort is a perennial weed which has caused damage in agricultural fields in iran especially in orchards. therefore, an experiment was conducted during 2009-2011 in order to its integrated management in arachis orchard in abyek based on randomized complete block design with three replications and 18 treatments. the treatments included gramaxon (paraquat 20% sl), roundup (glyphosate 41% sl), garlon (triclopyr 62% ec), cutting, and their combination together control without spraying. among the treatments, application 3 times glyphosate 6 l/ha was the best treatment for swallow wort density decrease in the first year, and in the second year best treatments were 2 and 3 times triclopyr 2 l/ha, and 3 times glyphosate 6 l/ha. the best treatments in the third year were 2 and 3 times triclopyr 2 l/ha, and 3 times glyphosate 6 l/ha. at the third year, the best treatment for swallow wort biomass decrease was 3 times glyphosate 6 l/ha. however, it had not significant difference with 2 and 3 times triclopyr 2 l/ha, 3 times glyphosate 4 l/ha, and 2 times glyphosate 6 l/ha. therefore, glyphosate and triclopyr had more efficiency in the control of swallow wort, compared to paraquat and cutting.